Failed Epidural Block
Introduction:
➧ Failure of epidural anesthesia and analgesia occurs in up to 30% of clinical practices.
➧ Some technical factors can help to increase the primary and secondary success rates.
A) Technical factors influencing block success:
1-Patient Position:
➧ Patient positioning potentially affects needle placement by changing the relationship...
Anesthetic Management of Pt. with Bronchial Asthma
Definition:
➧ It is an acute obstructive pulmonary disease. It is due to the hyperreactivity of the tracheobronchial tree, in which some exogenous or endogenous stimuli can produce reversible airway obstruction.
➧ Histamine and the leukotrienes are the most active chemical mediators, while acetylcholine contributes...
Pierre Robin syndrome:
Manifestations:
➧ A rare syndrome in which there is a combination of:
-Severe micrognathia
-Posterior prolapse of the tongue
Other congenital abnormalities:
-Cleft palate
-Esophageal atresia
➧ The term syndrome is now reserved for those errors of morphogenesis with the simultaneous presence of multiple anomalies caused...