Masking Techniques in Pediatrics
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Bronchial Asthma
Anesthetic Management of Pt. with Bronchial Asthma
Definition:
➧ It is an acute obstructive pulmonary disease. It is due to the hyperreactivity of the tracheobronchial tree, in which some exogenous or endogenous stimuli can produce reversible airway obstruction.
➧ Histamine and the leukotrienes are the most active chemical mediators, while acetylcholine contributes...
Pierre Robin syndrome
Pierre Robin syndrome:
Manifestations:
➧ A rare syndrome in which there is a combination of:
-Severe micrognathia
-Posterior prolapse of the tongue
Other congenital abnormalities:
-Cleft palate
-Esophageal atresia
➧ The term syndrome is now reserved for those errors of morphogenesis with the simultaneous presence of multiple anomalies caused...
Anesthetic Precautions for Bloody and Lengthy Surgery
Anesthetic Precautions for Bloody and Lengthy Surgery
A) Precautions for Bloody Surgery
1-Decrease blood loss by:
➧ The surgical site elevation is 10-15°
➧ Use of tourniquet
➧ Local infiltration of epinephrine
➧ Use of topical hemostats
➧ Application of hypotensive anesthesia
➧ Controlled mechanical ventilation (decrease venous return → decrease...
Minimally Invasive and Non-invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring
Minimally Invasive and Non-invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring
➧ The concept of determining blood flow/time Cardiac Output (CO) by measuring the dilution of a ‘known substance’ in the blood (Fick’s principle) has been applied by pulmonary artery (PA) catheter using the thermodilution technique remains the ‘Gold standard’ approach of CO monitoring. However, it is not without risk.
I. Esophageal Doppler U/S:
Principle:
➧ It measures...
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