Burn Fluid Resuscitation Formulas
1-Harkins formula (1942)
Initial 24 hours:
➧ 1000 ml plasma/10% burn Used in patients with ≥ 10% burn.
2-Body weight burn budget (1947)
Initial 24 hours:
➧ Ringer's lactate (RL) solution 1-4 L + 1200ml NS + 7.5% body weight colloid + 1.5-5 L D5W.
Next 24 hours:
➧ RL 1-4 L + 1200ml NS + 2.5%body weight colloid + 1.5-5 L D5W.
3-Evans formula (1952)
Initial 24 hours:
➧ 0.9% saline at 1 ml/kg/%...
Ropivacaine (Naropin®)
Ropivacaine (Naropin®)➧ Ropivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic (LA) drug. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemic mixture and the marketed S-enantiomer.
➧ It produces effects similar to other LAs via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibers.Advantages:
➧ Ropivacaine is less lipophilic than bupivacaine and is less likely to penetrate...
Down's Syndrome
Anesthetic Management of Down's Syndrome➧ This well-known syndrome, with characteristic morphological features and mental retardation, results from the chromosomal abnormality, trisomy 21.
➧ Anesthetic risk is increased in these children. Indeed, the mortality is increased at any stage of life, but improved medical and nursing care means that many more individuals...
Propofol Related Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)
Propofol Related Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)➧ It is a rare syndrome that affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of the anesthetic and sedative drug propofol.
➧ It is associated with high doses and long-term use of propofol (>4 mg/kg/hr for more than 24 hours). It occurs more commonly in children, and critically ill patients receiving...
Central Anticholinergic Syndrome
Central Anticholinergic Syndrome
➧ Many of the drugs used in anesthesia and intensive care may cause blockage of the central cholinergic neurotransmission.
➧ Acetylcholine is of significance in the modulation of the interaction among most other central transmitters.
Causes:
1- Overdose of anticholinergic drugs: e.g. Atropine, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate
2- Overdose of drugs that possess an anticholinergic activity:
e.g....
Fospropofol disodium (Lusedra®)
Fospropofol disodium (Lusedra®)Chemistry:
➧ The chemical nature of propofol is 2,6-diisopropyl phenol. When a phosphate group is added to this molecule, it results in the formation of water-soluble propofol that does not contain lipids, egg products, or preservatives, thereby eliminating the allergic, bacterial infections and hyperlipidemic concerns associated with propofol.
➧...
Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO₄)
Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO₄)Magnesium Physiology:
➧ Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and is the second most abundant intracellular cation in the human body (potassium being the first).
➧ It has numerous physiological activities including activation of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, regulation of vasomotor tone, neurotransmission,...
Sugammadex (Bridion®)
Cyclodextrins
➧ The starting point for encapsulating agents that used since 1953 as solubilizing agents and form low-affinity complexes with lipophilic drugs.
➧ γ-cyclodextrin: 8 sugar molecules forming a rigid ring with a central lipophilic cavity.
➧ Very water-soluble, not metabolized, renally excreted.
Sugammadex (Bridion®)
➧ Sugammadex is a modified...
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