Ludwig’s Angina

Ludwig’s Angina Definition and Causes: A rapidly spreading cellulitis of the floor of the mouth that can be produced by any infection. It involves the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces. -Gram-positive cocci (usually streptococci), Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis are now the most common organisms, but sometimes gram-negative rods or anaerobes...

Read More

Chiari Malformations

 Chiari Malformations -The Chiari malformation is a term encompassing a range of hindbrain maldevelopments. -Problems include underdevelopment of the cranial fossa and overcrowding of the normally developed hindbrain, the risks of descent of hindbrain structures below the foramen magnum, and intermittent obstruction to CSF outflow from the fourth ventricle. -There...

Read More

Budd–Chiari Syndrome

 Budd–Chiari Syndrome -A syndrome caused by obstruction to the hepatic venous outflow and resulting in a clinical picture of hepatomegaly and portal hypertension. It may be secondary to hematological disorders, malignancy, oral contraceptives, heart failure, or constrictive pericarditis. -The three main sites of obstruction are:1-Inferior vena cava2-Large hepatic veins3-Small intrahepatic...

Read More