CHARGE Syndrome

Anesthetic Management of Pt. with CHARGE Syndrome Definition: ➧ A syndrome characterized by:  1-Coloboma of the eye (Figure 1)  2-Heart defects (ASD, VSD, PDA, TOF, Rt. Aortic arch, Double outlet Rt. ventricle)  3-Atresia of the choanae (Figure 2)  4-Retarded growth development and/or central nervous system abnormalities  Severe...

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Sodium Nitroprusside Toxicity

Sodium Nitroprusside Toxicity: Mechanism of Action: After parenteral injection, sodium nitroprusside enters red blood cells, where it receives an electron from the iron (Fe⁺²) of oxyhemoglobin. This non-enzymatic electron transfer results in unstable nitroprusside radical and methemoglobin (Hb Fe⁺³). The former moiety spontaneously decomposes into five cyanide ions and...

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Carcinoid Crisis

Carcinoid Crisis Definition: -Carcinoid crisis is the most serious and life-threatening complication of carcinoid syndrome and is generally found in people who already have carcinoid syndrome. -Carcinoid crisis occurs when all of the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome come at the same time.  Causes: ➧ Spontaneous  ➧ Precipitating factors:  -Stress,...

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