Needle Misplacement during Caudal block Sites of Misplacement: A-SubperiostealB-False decoy hiatusC-posterior sacral ligamentD-Anterior sacral wallE-BoneF-Lateral foramen...
Failed Epidural Block
Failed Epidural Block
Introduction:
➧ Failure of epidural anesthesia and analgesia occurs in up to 30% of clinical practices.
➧ Some technical factors can help to increase the primary and secondary success rates.
A) Technical factors influencing block success:
1-Patient Position:
➧ Patient positioning potentially affects needle placement by changing the relationship...
Local Anesthetic Toxicity
Local Anesthetic Toxicity
Clinical Manifestations & Management:
1-CNS manifestations:
➧ Early signs: circumoral numbness (Earliest sign), tongue paresthesia, dizziness
➧ CNS Excitation: (restlessness and agitation)
➧ CNS Depression: (slurred speech, drowsiness, unconsciousness)
➧ Muscle twitching, tonic-clonic seizures
➧ Respiratory...
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