Anesthetic Precautions for Bloody and Lengthy Surgery

Anesthetic Precautions for Bloody and Lengthy Surgery A) Precautions for Bloody Surgery 1-Decrease blood loss by: ➧ The surgical site elevation is 10-15° ➧ Use of tourniquet ➧ Local infiltration of epinephrine ➧ Use of topical hemostats  ➧ Application of hypotensive anesthesia ➧ Controlled mechanical ventilation (decrease venous return → decrease...

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Minimally Invasive and Non-invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring

Minimally Invasive and Non-invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring ➧ The concept of determining blood flow/time Cardiac Output (CO) by measuring the dilution of a ‘known substance’ in the blood (Fick’s principle) has been applied by pulmonary artery (PA) catheter using the thermodilution technique remains the ‘Gold standard’ approach of CO monitoring. However, it is not without risk. I. Esophageal Doppler U/S: Principle:  ➧ It measures...

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Viscoelastic Measures of Coagulation

Viscoelastic Measures of Coagulation Introduction: ➧ Viscoelastic measures of coagulation originated and developed in the 1940s. ➧ TEG was developed and first described by Dr. Hellmut Hartert at the University of Heidelberg (Germany) in 1948. The first reported clinical application of the test occurred during the Vietnam War in an attempt to guide transfusions...

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